ural in russland

Many deformed and metamorphosed rocks, mostly of Paleozoic age, surface within the Urals. I had an idea to organize a tourist route in the Ural hinterland (villages, natural monuments) and to Ekaterinburg. At some point in the past, parts of the currently existing Ural region were considered a gateway to Siberia, or even Siberia itself, and were combined with the Volga administrative the divisions. A magnified image of one of the nano coils found in the Ural Mountains. [3], The climate of Ural is continental. [4] Most high mountains consist of weather-resistant rocks such as quartzite, schist and gabbro that are between 570 and 395 million years old. The Northern Ural is dominated by Siberian species of fir, cedar, spruce and pine. The animals of the Polar Ural are characteristic of the tundra and include fox, lemming and reindeer. [3], By topography and other natural features, Ural is divided, from north to south, into the Polar (or Arctic), Near-Polar (or Sub-Arctic), Northern, Central and Southern parts. In the Middle Urals, one can see a rare mixture of sable and pine marten named kidus. The indigenous population of the Polar Urals consists of the Nenets and Samoyedic peoples who are widespread through the Siberia and have their own languages. Their ownership went to the Moscow state in 1471, together with lands around the Kama River. In 1946, most plants were converted into non-military directions. Around the 14th century, the feudal state Great Perm was created west to the Northern Ural. (1898). [3], As a result of the Emancipation reform of 1861, most Ural farmers lost more than half of their personal lands. 08.00 – 12.00 h. 13.00 – 17.00 h The deepest lake (136 m) is Bolshoe Schuchye. [25], This article is about the land formation. During the war, Ural accounted for 40% of the Soviet military production. Because of the easy accessibility of the mountains there are no specifically mountainous species. The end of 19th century saw a rapid growth of the Ural cities and of the anti-capitalist movements. The first ample geographic survey of the Ural Mountains was completed in the early 18th century by the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Tatishchev under the orders of Peter I. [1][4], The Nether-Polar Ural are higher, and up to 150 km (93 mi) wider than the Polar Urals. [1][4], Many rivers originate in the Ural Mountains. Vaygach Island and the island of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain on the north. The Urals area of Russia consists of the Republics of Komi, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Mari El and Udmurtia and the ‘oblasts’ of Kirov, Perm, Novgorod, Ul’yanovsk, Sanara, Saratov, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Yekaterinburg. During the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941–1942, the mountains became a key element in Nazi planning for the territories which they expected to conquer in the USSR. [1][4], The climate of the Urals is continental. The steep gravelly slopes of the mountains and hills of the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals are mostly covered with rocky steppes. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The steep gravelly slopes of mountains and hills of eastern slopes of the Southern Ural are mostly covered with rocky steppes. Ural Interregional Research and Education Center ‘Advanced Industrial Technologies and Materials’ Center will unify scientific potential of Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. First joint-stock companies appeared on the Ural in the second half of the 19th century, including those with foreign capital. The Ural's industrial production increased 3 times in 1943 relatively to 1941 and the military production increased 6 times. Manufacture of copper and bronze started in the early 2nd millennium BC and production of iron was developed around the 8th–7th centuries BC. The speciality of Urals is precious and semi-precious stones, such as emerald, amethyst, aquamarine, jasper, rhodonite, malachite and diamond. Uralskiye gory, IPA: [ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈgorɨ]; Bashkir: Урал тауҙары, Ural tauźarı) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. During the next few centuries Novgorodians engaged in fur trading with the local population and collected tribute from Yugra and Great Perm, slowly expanding southwards. "The Ural mountains". [14][16], The Ural Mountains extend about 2,500 km (1,600 mi) from the Kara Sea to the Kazakh Steppe along the border of Kazakhstan. The Central Ural is the lowest part of Urals, with the highest mountain of 994 m (Basegi) and a smooth relief. [1][4], The steppes of the Southern Urals are dominated by hares and rodents such as hamsters, susliks, and jerboa. The historical center of the Ural is Cherdyn, nowadays it is a small town in Perm Krai. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. Picture taken March 22, 2016. Kazakhs are another significant national fraction of the Southern Ural. The Middle and Southern Ural were still largely unavailable and unknown to the Russian or Western European geographers. Book Ural, Perm on Tripadvisor: See 494 traveller reviews, 289 candid photos, and great deals for Ural, ranked #4 of 34 hotels in Perm and rated 4 of 5 at Tripadvisor. The Urals are among the world's oldest extant mountain ranges. The overall resulting damage from the shock wave was estimated at $33,000,000. Mayak, 150 km southeast of Yekaterinburg, was a center of the Soviet nuclear industry[1][13][14][15] and site of the Kyshtym disaster. They live in the Southern Ural and speak a language of the Turkic group. The company owns about 50 … [3][4], The landscapes of Ural change both in the latitudinal and vertical directions and are dominated by steppes and forests. The main owner of the company is Uzbek billionaire Iskander Makhmudov. Bird species are represented by capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, spotted nutcracker and cuckoos. [7] I.G. [3], At the beginning of the 2nd millennium, the primitive society of Ural started transforming to feudal relations. [7] The Evenk geographical term era "mountain" has also been theorized. They have rich resources, including metal ores, coal, and precious and semi-precious stones. The maximum height is 1,499 m (4,918 ft) at Payer Mountain and the average height is 1,000 to 1,100 m (3,300 to 3,600 ft). This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. The border between Europe and Asia runs along the Eastern side of the Ural Mountains. The Ural Mountains (/ˈjʊərəl/; Russian: Ура́льские го́ры, tr. The average January temperatures increase in the western areas from −20 °C (−4 °F) in the Polar to −15 °C (5 °F) in the Southern Urals and the corresponding temperatures in July are 10 °C (50 °F) and 20 °C (68 °F). [23] The eastern slopes of the Southern and Central Urals have most of these, among the largest of which are the Uvildy, Itkul, Turgoyak, and Tavatuy lakes. Mon 18/01 Steppes lie mostly in the southern and especially south-eastern Urals. The eastern mountain slopes have light coniferous taiga forests. [1][4], The Central Ural are the lowest part of the Ural, with smooth mountain tops, the highest mountain being 994 m (3,261 ft) (Basegi); they extend south from the river Ufa. [3][4], Steppes of the Southern Urals are dominated by hares and rodents such as gophers, susliks and jerboa. 2 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1018 mb. Bashkirs form the largest indigenous group of the region. Employees work at the Ural Automotive Plant (UralAZ) in the town of Miass in the Ural mountains, Russia, March 22, 2016. The relief of Southern Ural is more complex, with numerous valleys and ridges directed south-west and meridionally. After the war, in 1947–1948, Chum – Labytnangi railway, built with the forced labor of Gulag inmates, crossed the Polar Ural. The collision lasted nearly 90 million years in the late Carboniferous – early Triassic. It is a vast territory which includes major cities like Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, as well as parts of the polar areas. [1][4], The landscapes of the Urals vary with both latitude and longitude and are dominated by forests and steppes. Forests are much more sparse in Polar Ural. By topography and other natural features, the Urals are divided, from north to south, into the Polar (or Arctic), Nether-Polar (or Sub-Arctic), Northern, Central and Southern parts. About goals and projects; Global-Scale Research. Since c. 1850 most cartographers have regarded the Urals and the Ural River to the south of them as the eastern boundary of Europe, geographically recognized as a subcontinent of Eurasia . Russia, 1826. Ivan III of Moscow captured Perm, Pechora and Yugra from the declining Novgorod Republic in 1472. Welcome to The Urals. [25], The region served as a military stronghold during Peter the Great's Great Northern War with Sweden, during Stalin's rule when the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Complex was built and Russian industry relocated to the Urals during the Nazi advance at the beginning of World War II, and as the center of the Soviet nuclear industry during the Cold War. Spas and sanatoriums have been built to take advantage of the medicinal muds found in some of the mountain lakes. Ural, Russia visibility is going to be around 4 km i.e. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean. Meadow steppes have developed in the lower parts of mountain slopes and are covered with various clovers, daisies, filipendula, meadow-grass and foxtail millet, reaching the height of 60–80 cm. [4], The table (see also maps above) reveals that the Ural Federal District and Ural economical region are rather different entities, which geographically differ from the Urals, even though the Urals is not well defined geographically. They include Tobol, Iset, Tura, Pechora, Lozva and Severnaya Sosva Rivers. A-4614 Marchtrenk. In the Neolithic period, tribes have formed which became the basis of the Uralic language community, and mixed (Mongoloid, europoid) anthropological type. The situation improved only after 1920. Extreme levels of air, water, and radiological contamination and pollution by industrial wastes resulted. Of the people injured, 311 were children who were at school at the time. Valleys of the rivers contain willow, poplar and caragana shrubs. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the … It offers free WiFi. The October Revolution brought numerous benefits to the workers, but was followed by the years of Civil Wars (1917–19). The sediments to the west of the Ural Mountains are formed of limestone, dolomite and sandstone left from ancient shallow seas. Transportation of the output of the smelting works to the markets of European Russia necessitated the construction of the Siberian Route from Yekaterinburg across the Ural to Kungur and Yegoshikha (Perm) and further to Moscow, which was completed in 1763 and rendered Babinov's road obsolete. In the first year of our Ural-shop we will offer Ural accessories only. Answer 1 of 11: Hello everybody! This brought a severe industrial crisis, fuel shortages, disruption of transport, reduction of agricultural production and the deterioration of the life conditions. Most of the tops are flattened, but those of the highest mountains, such as Telposiz, 1,617 m (5,305 ft) and Konzhakovsky Stone, 1,569 m (5,148 ft) have a dissected topography. The karst topography is much less developed on the eastern slopes. In the summer, South and Central Urals are visited by songbirds, such as nightingale and redstart. [1] The 1957 accident expelled 20 million curies of radioactive material, 90% of which settled into the land immediately around the facility. The Near-Polar Ural is wider (up to 150 km) and higher than the Polar Ural. The salt industry was developed in Solikamsk. They formed during the Uralian orogeny due to the collision of the eastern edge of the supercontinent Laurasia with the young and rheologically weak continent of Kazakhstania, which now underlies much of Kazakhstan and West Siberia west of the Irtysh, and intervening island arcs. The area has also been severely damaged by the plutonium-producing facility Mayak opened in Chelyabinsk-40 (later called Chelyabinsk-65, Ozyorsk), in the Southern Ural, after World War II. The areas west to the Ural Mountains are 1–2 °C warmer in winter than the eastern regions because the former are warmed by the Atlantic winds whereas the eastern slopes are chilled by the Siberian air masses. The Ural Mountains or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. Tatishchev proposed a new copper smelting factory in Yegoshikha, which would eventually become the core of the city of Perm and a new iron smelting factory on the Iset, which would become the largest in the world at the time of construction and give birth to the city of Yekaterinburg. Rivers are slower in the Southern Urals. Ural Federal District is a federal district of the Russian Federation located within the Urals and Western Siberia, formed on May 13, 2000.. [1][10] In 1845, Murchison, who had according to Encyclopædia Britannica "compiled the first geologic map of the Ural in 1841",[1] published The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains with de Verneuil and Keyserling.[10][11]. Several sites were discovered from the late Paleolithic (35–10 thousand years ago) including the Kapova Cave. In addition to iron and copper the Urals were a source of gold, malachite, alexandrite, and other gems such as those used by the court jeweller Fabergé. Some rivers have dams forming the Kama and Votkinsk Reservoirs. This is because the mountains trap clouds from the Atlantic Ocean. Southern Ural is most diverse in the forest composition; here together with coniferous forests also abundant are other tree species such as larch, oak, birch, maple and elm. The holding company was formed around joint-stock company Uralelektromed in 1999. Series 'Views of the Ural Mountains'. The manufacturing facilities are based at the Ural Railway Engineering Plant in Verkhnyaya Pyshma, which was incorporated into the Sinara Group in 2004.. [16] Although some reactors of Mayak were shut down in 1987 and 1990,[14] the facility keeps producing plutonium. Name Status Native Adm. Population Census (C) 1979-01-17 Population Census (C) 1989-01-12 Population Census (C) 2002-10-09 Population Census (Cf) 2010-10-14 Population Irbit hosted the biggest fair of the Urals. In 1648 the town of Kungur was founded at the western foothills of the Middle Ural. Faced with the threat of having a significant part of the Soviet territories occupied by the enemy, the government evacuated many of the industrial enterprises of European Russia and Ukraine to the eastern foothills of the Ural, considered a safe place out of reach of the German bombers and troops. In summers, the South and Middle Urals are visited by songbirds, such as nightingale and redstart. The river valleys are underlain by limestone. Many northern tribals still continue their traditional activities, including fishing, hunting and animal husbandry (reindeer). The specialty of the Urals is precious and semi-precious stones, such as emerald, amethyst, aquamarine, jasper, rhodonite, malachite and diamond. Eastern regions are rich in chalcopyrite, nickel oxide, gold, platinum, chromite and magnetite ores, as well as in coal (Chelyabinsk Oblast), bauxite, talc, fireclay and abrasives.

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